One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. Synonyms for DICTATORSHIP: tyranny, autocracy, fascism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, despotism, absolutism, autarchy; Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP: democracy . [56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. The phrase "fixed term" indicates the once the head of state is chosen, they serve a known and a limited number of years before another election is held, and they cannot be removed from the office in the meantime via a vote of no confidence. Source by babeltravel. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. For dictatorships, monarchic, military and civilian dictatorship. [148], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. One person holds all of the country's power. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. Organizations that maintain moral authority with the public, such as the Church, are often the most targeted by infiltration. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. Syria - Well, it depends. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. Ruling parties allow a dictatorship to more broadly influence the populace and facilitate political agreement between party elites. Countries that start with: [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. The result is that such regimes have no internal checks and balances, and are thus unrestrained when exerting repression on their people, making radical shifts in foreign policy, or starting wars with other countries. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. [1] Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. REUTERS/Myo Kyaw Soe. Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. Uganda - 1971 to 1979 - Idi Amin Dada. Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. Since 1945 Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for all military dictatorships. These individuals form an inner circle, making up a class of elites that hold a degree of power within the dictatorship and receive benefits in exchange for their support. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. Current dictatorships include Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, and North Korea. [132] Foreign intervention takes place when another country seeks to topple a regime by invading the country or supporting the opposition. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. Some of the multi-party states with governing communist parties include Brazil, Nepal, India, and Russia. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD),[1] index of democracy and dictatorship[2] or simply the DD index[3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. [35][36] These dictatorships often emerge either from loosely organized seizures of power, giving the leader opportunity to consolidate power, or from democratically elected leaders in countries with weak institutions, giving the leader opportunity to change the constitution. [135] Negotiated removals are more likely to end in democracy, while removals by force are more likely to result in a new dictatorial regime. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship. 10. whether a majority vote in the legislature can remove the sitting government without cause. [8]:457, The DD dataset is limited to 199 countries after 1946, whereas Boix, Miller, & Rosato, 2013 proposed a data set from 1800 to 2007, covering 219 countries. Fidel Castro was one of the most iconic latin american dictators, who lived in the 20th century. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. [134] Revolution takes place when the opposition group grows large enough that elites in the regime cannot suppress it or choose not to. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. [8]:456. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President Malcolm Congal Aidan Julian Haldane, 23rd king of Gwynedd, reigned 1025 to 1074. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. [1][8]:454 It is important to note that these names do not have to correspond to the official or colloquial titles of any of the countries offices. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. What are the countries with a democracy government? Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. Types. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. Therefore, the entire country operates on the whims of that one person. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. This list answers the questions, "What countries are dictatorships?" The legislature must be popularly elected. [60] During the L dynasty of Vietnam between the 16th and 18th centuries, the country was under de facto military rule by two rival military families: the Trnh lords in the north and the Nguyn lords in the south. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. That said, there are two important differences between dictatorships and autocracies. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. [10] Political scientist Juan Jos Linz identifies a spectrum of political systems with democracies and totalitarian regimes separated by authoritarian regimes with varied classifications of hybrid systems. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. Right now, 74% families are homeowners. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 12:26. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. Adolf Hitler known for his Nazi party and the barbarities and fierceness during his autocracy rule. "Tyrants, the World's 20 Worst Living Dictators", by David Wallechinsky, ranked Biya together with three others mainly in sub-Saharan Africa: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, and King Mswati of Swaziland. [26], A dictatorship may fall because of a military coup, foreign intervention, negotiation, or popular revolution. A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. Binary measure of democracy and dictatorship, Six-fold regime classification scheme and its rules, Comparison with other democracy-measuring data sets, Studies in Comparative International Development, "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense", Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi: Democracy and development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democracy-Dictatorship_Index&oldid=1141715357, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. The authors acknowledged that the last rule is more complicated to implement, but stated that it helps researchers to control potential errors and removes subjective judgement from the classification. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. The military takes control of the country (usually through a direct coup), installs the dictator of its choosing (typically the highest-ranking military officer), and uses force of arms to preserve its power. Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. [38] Due to the lack of accountability and the smaller group of elites, personalist dictatorships are more prone to corruption than other forms of dictatorship,[39] and they are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. Stability can be weakened when opposition groups grow and unify or when elites are not loyal to the regime. Latin America's new generation of dictators. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Samantha Menzies 22 February 2016, 7:39 pm The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Capitalism is thriving in many parts of the world, with the list. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. The deadliest dictatorships are discussed below. [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. While Thailand remains the world's last active military dictatorship, other notable examples of modern countries with histories of military rule include: Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Greece. [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. Some of the most famous dictators in history include Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein. Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. #SOSCuba. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index is seen as an example of the minimalist approach, whereas the Polity data series is more substantive. [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. A political rival accused Obiang of cannibalism in 2004, but no evidence to support the claim has ever surfaced. in Turkey, Kamal Pasha, established his dictatorship in 1921 and he remained in power till his death in 1938. [1]:70. [69], In the time between World War I and World War II, several dictatorships were established in Europe through coups which were carried out by far-left and far-right movements. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" [90] These new African governments were marked by severe instability, which provided opportunities for regime change and made fair elections a rare occurrence on the continent. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. " [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union. Explore a few of the famous ones. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. China's constitution calls its government a "people's democratic dictatorship." If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. [8]:456, The second distinction made is whether the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. 5. Miguel Daz-Canel, the son of Ral Castro who replaced him as president of Cuba, has kept the dictatorship structure in place that was established by Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. An appropriate example of this occurred in 2020 when Russian president Vladimir Putin and his party introduced amendments to the country's constitution that reworked term limits, enabling Putin to remain in power until 2036. Those who believe that he is a dictator argue that he imprisons his opponents, removed freedom of speechthe press can only publish what he allows them toand has restructured the government to give himself more and longer-lasting power. Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . [126]This tactic involves policies on land reform, poverty alleviation, public health, housing, education, and employment programs that force citizens to be dependent on the state for relatively adequate living standards. In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. Modern Dictatorship Countries. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. ", "The Cromwellian Protectorate: A Military Dictatorship? Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. A dictator that has concentrated significant power is more likely to be exiled, imprisoned, or killed after ouster, and accordingly they are more likely to refuse negotiation and cling to power. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. A dictatorship is an authoritarian structure of government. Imelda Marcos. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. He arose to power in Italy in 1922, following the so-called 'March on Rome', in which his . The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Its goal is to force compliance by demobilizing or annihilating actors of opposition. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. The first distinction made is whether a democracy's government is responsible to the legislature. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. Cinhil Aymeric Nygel Haldane, 22nd king of Gwynedd who shortly reigned in 1025. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. His wealth is estimated to be approximately $600 million. 1. Infiltration involves disseminating individuals loyal to the dictatorship and its ideals across civil society and local community elites. As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. When necessary, a dictator may also make an effort to replace or amend the nation's constitution to empower, enrich, or otherwise benefit the dictator and his/her allies to a greater degree. Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps.
Yakuza 7 Gold Egg,
Florida Man September 15, 2001,
Articles L